CONSTITUTING THE"OTHER":A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF SECTARIAN RHETORIC IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

This paper studies how sectarian groups in Pakistan create the image of the “Other” through language. It shows that sectarianism is not only about religious differences, but a political tool used to gain power. The research explains how words and labels are used to show some sects as wrong, foreign, or dangerous. It also discusses how history, colonial rule, and global politics have shaped this pattern. The paper highlights key events like the Second Amendment, Zia-ul-Haq’s rule, and the rise of extremist groups. It explains how laws and institutions support this divide. The study uses critical discourse analysis to understand how language builds religious hate. It finds that certain terms and speeches help create fear and mistrust in society. The paper calls for promoting unity, respect, and shared national identity. It argues that true peace will come only by ending these harmful ideas and building a culture of inclusion