ANAPHORIC EXPRESSIONS USED IN ENGLISH AND THE URDU LANGUAGE

Abstract

The paper is based on the study of “Anaphoric Expressions”, where it tends to explore the various “anaphoric expressions” used in English and Urdu Language. Anaphoric expressions are basically referring items that refer back to the prior concept or antecedent in the same sentence and text. These expressions are used to create cohesion and coherence in the written and spoken text. The paper also explores the most frequently used “anaphoric expression" and how its placement order differs in both languages. Apart from this, the paper aims to cover various “anaphoric expressions” by examining three short stories in Urdu and English to compare and analyze the “anaphoric expressions” used in both languages, utilizing tables to distinguish between the expressions. Apart from this, it also focuses on examining the relationship between antecedents and their anaphors, as the meaning of one word (anaphor) can only be interpreted by another word by referring back to its antecedent. The investigation of referring expressions shows that the most frequently used expression is related to nouns, and other types are neglected.