مسلم مفکرین کی اخلاقی فکر اور اس کے اثرات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE ETHICAL THOUGHT OF MUSLIM THINKERS AND ITS EFFECTS

Abstract

In the wake of the 1857 War of Independence, Muslims in the Indian subcontinent experienced a severe decline in political, religious, educational, and cultural spheres. Hindu influence grew, and Islamic identity weakened, leading to confusion and detachment from core religious values. In this critical period, Muslim thinkers made significant efforts to revive the distinct identity of the Muslim Ummah.Reformers such as Mujaddid Alif Sani, Shah Waliullah, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, Shibli Nomani, Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, and Maulana Maududi played vital roles in preserving Muslim identity. Their intellectual and reformative contributions provided the foundation for the Two-Nation Theory. They argued that Muslims are a separate nation, distinct from Hindus in culture, values, history, and religion.

This paper highlights the role of religious institutions like Darul Uloom Deoband, which not only educated Muslims religiously but also fostered resistance against colonialism and Hindu dominance. These institutions promoted moral reform, revived Islamic consciousness, and preserved Muslim heritage through literature and scholarship.Allama Iqbal’s poetry reinvigorated Muslim spirituality and challenged concepts like territorial nationalism and secularism. Maulana Maududi further elaborated on the need for an Islamic state, arguing that only in an independent Islamic system could Muslims fully live according to Qur’an and Sunnah.Together, these thinkers and institutions laid the groundwork for Muslim nationalism and eventually the demand for a separate Muslim state—Pakistan.