TECHNOLOGY, SECURITY, AND ISLAMOPHOBIA: HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERNS IN NON-MUSLIM JURISDICTIONS

Abstract

The intersection of technology, law, and governance in perpetuating human rights violations against Muslim communities across diverse jurisdictions is exacerbating. While Islamophobia is often understood as a matter of prejudice or societal bias, this study situates it as a structural and transnational phenomenon sustained by discriminatory policies, surveillance systems, and exclusionary legal frameworks. Different sort of technological advancement, such as deepfakes, dehumanization memes and false flag terrorism attribution fueling Islamophobia narratives, raises security and human rights concern for Muslims in non-Muslim jurisdiction. In connection with, country’s specific study of the utilization of these technology and human rights violations such as equality, freedom of religion, privacy, due process, and the right to life have been systematically undermined. Therefore, study focuses upon reasons behind persistent Islamophobia violating human rights in non-Muslim jurisdiction. For instance, in France and Belgium, bans on religious attire translate state-enforced secularism into structural inequality, in the United States and China, technologically driven surveillance programs target Muslims through profiling, eroding both privacy and freedom of movement. In Myanmar, Israel/Palestine, and India, discriminatory laws and practices enforce political exclusion, while violent campaigns ranging from Rohingya displacement to the Christchurch Mosque attack underscored the threat to life and security. As a result, the cumulative effects encompassing trauma, cultural erasure, economic marginalization, and forced displacement, which together weaken community resilience and global human rights norms. By tracing these multidimensional impacts, the article argues that Islamophobia must be recognized not only as a sociopolitical challenge but as an urgent international human rights concern.