اردو نظم میں ماحولیاتی تانیثیت

ENVIRONMENTALISM IN URDU NAZM

Abstract

This is a new type of criticism called "ecological literary criticism," which aims to correct the current theories of literature and make the study of humanity more socially responsible and complete. It is and its scope is very wide. It is a natural manifestation of the natural world that is connected to the highest values ​​of the individual. This is an example of the inseparable connections and relationships between literature and the environment. Several schools of thought in literary criticism examine linguistics and literature from a specific language. So it seems that, feminist criticism studies and interprets literature from the perspective of the feminine gender, while Marxist criticism includes literature in its narrative from the perspective of the structure and production of social classes. From the perspective of environmental theories, "environmental criticism of literature" seems to discuss literature. Environmental criticism is also called "green criticism", which is also the name of literary studies of the connections and relationships between the individual, thought, and the environment. Which affects the creative and literary interaction of a writer or poet. In this critical attitude, a specific gender perspective is also formed regarding women's rights, while on the other hand, Marxist critical texts and moods awaken the reader to the awareness of the productivity of society, the unfair distribution of wealth, social, economic, classes, and human exploitation. In environmental criticism, by discovering the texts of nature, the representation of the cultural nature is introduced into the text. Through which an attempt is made to understand contemporary attitudes and history is judged only through the cries of history. In which literary concerns, formations, doubts, ambiguities, problems or responses are discussed and the problems of animals, plants, seasons, agriculture, and air pollution are expressed through a literary aesthetic and creative or critical approach.