نصابِ تعلیم اور دینی و دنیاوی علوم کی ہم آہنگی: تعلیمی اصلاحات کی تنقیدی مطالعہ

CURRICULUM AND THE HARMONY OF RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR KNOWLEDGE: A CRITICAL STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL REFORMS

Abstract

The harmonization of religious and secular sciences in the curriculum is a critical issue for students’ comprehensive development, ethical and spiritual growth, and practical competence in life. In the current educational system, the separation of religious and secular knowledge has adversely affected the intellectual, moral, and practical objectives of the curriculum. Religious education is often confined to religious institutions, while secular sciences are predominantly taught in modern schools and universities. This imbalance has led to a lack of holistic understanding, practical skills, and ethical awareness among students.The study examines the historical evolution of the curriculum, the impact of the colonial period, and the separation of religious and secular sciences in detail. The principles of unity of knowledge and classification of sciences in the Islamic educational framework provide a foundation for achieving curriculum integration. A comparative analysis of curriculum reform experiences in Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, and Malaysia identifies successful models as well as practical challenges.

Practical models, including integrated curricula, experiences of Islamic universities, and the incorporation of ethical and spiritual dimensions, are analyzed. Strategies for integrating modern sciences, such as natural sciences, technology, and social sciences, within Islamic ethical and moral frameworks are also discussed to ensure students acquire intellectual, practical, and spiritual competencies simultaneously.For Pakistan, the study critically evaluates the Single National Curriculum (SNC), the integration of madrasa and university systems, and strategies for incorporating Islamic perspectives into modern sciences. The findings demonstrate that curriculum harmonization and achieving comprehensive educational objectives require an integrated design of religious and secular sciences, teacher training, effective implementation, and ethical-spiritual education. These results provide guidance for policymakers and serve as a practical foundation for curriculum reforms based on an Islamic framework.