“SHADOWS AND TRUTHS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PLATO’S ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE”

Abstract

The Allegory of the Cave by Plato is one of the most profound philosophical texts, exploring the relationship between perception, knowledge, and reality. While traditionally analyzed from epistemological or educational perspectives, this study employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine how language constructs ideologies of knowledge, enlightenment, and power within the allegory. Utilizing Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional Model, the research analyzes metaphors, lexical choices, narrative structure, and dialogues between Socrates and Glaucon. Findings reveal that Plato’s discourse creates a binary opposition between ignorance and knowledge, positions the philosopher as an enlightened guide, and embeds subtle ideological messages about social hierarchy and moral responsibility. The study highlights the importance of language in shaping philosophical and educational understanding, offering insights into the enduring relevance of the allegory in contemporary discourse analysis and pedagogy.