عہدِ رسالت میں متفرق مناصب پر تعیناتی اور قبائلی نظامِ عرب۔۔۔۔ تحقیقی مطالعہ

Abstract

Before the advent of the Prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, tribal prejudice in Arab society had reached an extreme level. The social structure of the Arabs was based on tribal solidarity and kinship. During the Age of Ignorance, it was essential for a person to belong to an influential tribe in order to be considered honorable. Even the official positions and offices of the city-state of Makkah were assigned only to those who belonged to one of the clans of Quraysh. Likewise, in matters of military leadership, diplomacy, and all other important affairs, tribal affiliation was given special consideration.

In that period, individuals possessed little personal status of their own; rather, the tribe itself served as the primary source of a person’s identity and recognition. Islam reformed this concept by teaching the principle of equality and declaring piety (taqwa) as the sole criterion of honor and superiority. Keeping this principle in view, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ established equality among the Companions without discrimination based on tribal affiliation. He assigned various responsibilities to them by considering their abilities, particularly their qualities in diplomacy, military command, and defense.