الدخان بين الإثبات والتأويل دراسة عقدية مقارنة في الفكر الإسلامي بشبه القارة الهندية

AL-DUKHĀN BETWEEN AFFIRMATION AND INTERPRETATION A COMPARATIVE THEOLOGICAL STUDY IN ISLAMIC THOUGHT IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

Abstract

This study examines al-Dukhān (the Smoke) as a case illustrating methodological divergence between traditionalist and modernist trends in Islamic thought in the Indian subcontinent. Using a descriptive–analytical comparative approach, it analyzes the traditionalist position of Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan alongside the modernist perspectives of Amin Ahsen Islahi and Waheed du Din Khan.

The findings show that the traditionalist approach affirms al-Dukhān as a future major cosmic sign based on a literal reading of the texts and prioritization of transmitted evidence in matters of the unseen. In contrast, the modernist approach reinterprets it through historical or contemporary scientific frameworks. The study concludes that the core disagreement lies in epistemological methodology rather than textual authenticity.