اسلامی اور مغربی افکار میں 'خدا کے دن' اور 'یوم جزا' کا تصور:برل انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف قرآن کی روشنی میں تحقیقی اور تنقیدی جائزہ

THE CONCEPT OF 'DAYS OF GOD' AND 'DAY OF JUDGMENT' IN ISLAMIC AND WESTERN THOUGHT: A RESEARCH AND CRITICAL REVIEW IN LIGHT OF BRILL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF QURAN

Abstract

The concept of "Days of God" (أيام الله) and "Day of Judgment" (یوم جزا) holds significant importance in both Islamic and Western thought systems, reflecting deeply on the human condition, moral accountability, and spiritual destiny. This study aims to analyze and compare the Islamic and Western views on the "Days of God" and "Day of Judgment," providing a critical examination of these concepts within both religious and philosophical frameworks. By exploring different interpretations from both Islamic scholars and Western thinkers, the study intends to clarify their theological significance and their impact on human behavior and spiritual responsibility. In Islamic belief, these concepts emphasize the ultimate accountability of humans on the Day of Judgment, where each individual’s deeds are weighed, and they are either rewarded or punished based on their actions in this life. The Quran provides clear descriptions of this day, underscoring its inevitable arrival and the justice of Allah that will prevail over all creations. The "Days of God" refer to specific moments in history when Allah's decisions manifest in the world, often highlighting divine intervention and judgment, particularly in relation to the stories of past prophets like Moses. These days are seen as reflections of Allah’s power and justice, showcasing His ability to reward the faithful and punish the disobedient. In the work of J.D. McAuliffe, in The Encyclopedia of the Quran, the term "أيام الله" and " یوم جزا" was explored, especially in the context of the Quranic stories of Moses and Pharaoh. McAuliffe’s analysis emphasizes how these days serve as a reminder of Allah’s sovereignty and the consequences of human actions. Similarly, other scholars like Maulana Maududi and Ibn Kathir interpret these days as moments when Allah’s wisdom and justice unfold, shaping the moral narrative of humanity. Western interpretations, particularly in the context of Christianity, see the "Day of Judgment" as a moment for individual salvation and divine reckoning, focusing more on the theme of forgiveness and redemption.