علامہ اقبال کے مذہبی عقائد اور ان پر اعتراضات کا تحقیقی جائزہ: ایک فکری و سیاسی مطالعہ

A Critical and Analytical Study of Allama Iqbal’s Religious Beliefs: Refuting Sectarian and Ahmadiyya Allegations

Abstract

 This research paper examines and refutes the historical allegations regarding the religious convictions of Allama Muhammad Iqbal, specifically focusing on the claims of him being "Shia/Tafzili" or having "Ahmadiyya" leanings. Through a qualitative analysis of Iqbal’s poetry, his correspondence with Jawaharlal Nehru, and his 1935 legal-theological statements, the study establishes that Iqbal’s worldview was rooted in the core Islamic principle of Khatm-e-Nabuwwat (Finality of Prophethood) as a socio-political necessity for Muslim unity. The paper critically evaluates Sheikh Ejaz Ahmed’s "Mazloom Iqbal" and argues that Iqbal’s shift from an initial sympathetic view to a total rejection of Ahmadism was not due to personal grievances but based on the realization of its threat to the Islamic "Solidarity of the Ummah." This research concludes that Iqbal’s devotion to the Ahl al-Bayt was a spiritual expression of his love for the Prophet (PBUH) rather than a sectarian alignment.