REVIEWING PHONOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN PAKISTANI AND CHINESE ENGLISH: CHALLENGES FOR CHINESE LISTENER COMPREHENSION

Abstract

This review study examines the phonological variations between PakE and ChE and how these variations influence the comprehension of Chinese listeners. It analyzes various studies that include vowel and consonant variation in PakE and ChE, the influence of regional languages such as Urdu and Mandarin, and other linguistic features that hinder Chinese listeners from comprehending PakE. The study collates findings from various sources, which is enlightening in terms of how the phonological variations shape communication across the two forms of English and how Chinese listeners adapt to such variations. The study provides insights into improving mutual intelligibility through pedagogical strategies and speech technology advancements.