ASSESSING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE POLICY AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education demands well-defined policy frameworks to ensure ethical and effective implementation. However, the extent to which AI policies are developed, communicated, and enforced at universities in Pakistan remains unclear. This study assesses AI policy implementation across 100 Higher Education Commission (HEC)-recognized universities in Pakistan, focusing on policy clarity, communication effectiveness, stakeholder engagement, compliance mechanisms, and resource allocation. Using a structured three-point rating scale questionnaire, data was collected from faculty members, and administrative staff involved in AI policy decision-making. The findings reveal significant gaps in policy communication, resource allocation, and institutional compliance monitoring, with a mean awareness and implementation score of 0.61. Policy clarity remains a major concern (0.52), while communication with stakeholders is notably weak (0.46). Although some institutions demonstrate progress in policy refinement and stakeholder engagement, the overall implementation remains fragmented due to inconsistencies in execution, limited professional development, and a lack of systematic evaluation. The study highlights the need for a more structured, transparent, and inclusive AI policy framework. It recommends strengthening policy communication, increasing resource allocation, fostering stakeholder participation, and establishing robust compliance mechanisms to enhance AI governance in higher education.