CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF URDU LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

This paper critically explores the multifaceted challenges faced by the Urdu language and literature in the 21st century, particularly in the wake of globalization, Western cultural dominance, and the increasing disconnect of native speakers from their linguistic heritage. The study identifies key issues such as the declining use of Urdu as a medium of instruction, the erosion of its grammar due to the influx of foreign structures, the neglect of Urdu script in early childhood, and the lack of inclusion of linguistic experts in curriculum development.

Furthermore, the paper highlights the significance of Urdu in shaping moral, cultural, and intellectual identity. Drawing on the philosophical insights of Allama Iqbal, it argues for a cultural revival rooted in love for one's language and script. The research also proposes practical strategies including the promotion of Urdu through modern technology, digital libraries, media platforms, and grassroots efforts such as using Urdu in public signage and everyday communication. The paper concludes that while the 21st century poses serious challenges to Urdu, it also offers opportunities for renewal, provided that policymakers, educators, and society at large act with commitment and vision. The preservation and promotion of Urdu is not merely a linguistic concern, but a cultural imperative for the generations to come.