فارسی تصوف کی روایت اور اقبال کا نیا انسان: اسلام کے تناظر میں تحقیقی مطالعہ

Abstract

This research explores the dynamic relationship between the tradition of Persian Sufism and Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s concept of the “New Man” (Insān-e-Naw), within the broader framework of Islamic thought. Persian Sufi literature, especially the works of Rumi, Attar, and Hafiz, deeply influenced Iqbal’s intellectual and spiritual development. While acknowledging the spiritual richness of Sufism, Iqbal critiques its later passive and world-renouncing tendencies, advocating instead for a revitalized Islamic spirit grounded in action, self-realization (Khudi), and divine vicegerency. The study examines how Iqbal reinterprets classical Sufi themes—such as love, fana (annihilation), and ma‘rifa (gnosis)—to construct a proactive, ethically empowered human being who is spiritually free yet socially responsible. Through this synthesis, Iqbal envisions a modern Muslim individual who harmonizes inner transcendence with outer transformation, embodying both prophetic energy and mystical insight in service of Islamic revival.