THE DECLINE OF PUNJABI: INVESTIGATING THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC FACTORS LEADING TO LANGUAGE DEATH IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

This study investigates the sociolinguistic factors contributing to the decline of the Punjabi language in Pakistan, with a focus on the implications of language death for cultural identity and social cohesion. As one of the most widely spoken languages in Pakistan, Punjabi faces significant challenges from the dominance of Urdu and English, which have permeated various spheres of public and private life. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research combines qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to explore the perceptions of Punjabi speakers regarding their language’s status and use. Findings indicate that socio-economic pressures, educational policies favoring Urdu and English, and a lack of institutional support for Punjabi are pivotal in diminishing its prestige and usage among younger generations. Additionally, the study highlights the emotional and cultural ramifications of language shift, emphasizing how language death threatens the rich cultural heritage associated with Punjabi. This research contributes to the broader discourse on language maintenance and revitalization by proposing targeted strategies to promote Punjabi through educational initiatives and community engagement. Ultimately, the study underscores the urgent need for policies that recognize and preserve linguistic diversity as a vital component of Pakistan’s cultural landscape.