Legal Perspectives on Mental Health: A Comparative Analysis of Islamic Law and International Law in Criminal Justice

Abstract

Experts throughout the world focus on mental health and criminal justice interactions because proper psychiatric disorder management in legal systems needs careful examination. The study evaluates the comparison between Muslim law (Shariah) and worldwide legal systems by analyzing their mental health management protocol in judicial proceedings. The study performs an analysis of fundamental legal principles from each system along with an investigation of how both systems handle mental health patients regarding responsibility assessments and protection from punishment systems. The Islamic legal definition of mental disability allows persons to gain exemption from punishment through the basis of junūn. Under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) together with other international human rights instruments support rehabilitation programs for mental health patients rather than punitive discipline and promote fair judicial systems. The research reviews what aspects these legal platforms agree upon and what differentiates them regarding their process of criminal justice administration for vezes who have mental health conditions. The study evaluates Islamic alongside international legal safeguards for mental health observations during criminal responsibility trials while recommending improvements for both dignity and justice administration purposes.