CHRISTIAN ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP: BIBLICAL FOUNDATIONS, THEOLOGICAL APPROACHES, AND PRACTICAL RESPONSES TO THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS

Abstract

Environmental degradation has become one of the most serious moral, spiritual, and social challenges of the modern world. While environmental issues are often discussed through scientific, political, and economic frameworks, Christianity also offers a rich ethical tradition for understanding humanity’s responsibility toward the natural world. Christian environmental stewardship is based on the belief that creation belongs to God, human beings are caretakers rather than absolute owners, and ecological responsibility is part of obedience to divine will. This article examines Christian approaches to environmental stewardship through biblical foundations, theological traditions, and practical applications. It discusses Catholic integral ecology, Orthodox ecological spirituality, Protestant and Evangelical creation care, and ecumenical climate justice. The article argues that Christian stewardship is not limited to protecting nature for human benefit; rather, it includes reverence for creation, justice for vulnerable communities, restraint in consumption, and responsibility toward future generations. In the context of global climate change and ecological injustice, Christian environmental ethics can contribute to sustainable living, public advocacy, environmental education, and interfaith cooperation. The paper concludes that Christianity, when interpreted through its deeper theological resources, provides a strong moral foundation for ecological responsibility and sustainable development.