A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and Turkey’s Educational Curricula: Islamic Teachings, Human Rights, and International Law Perspectives

Abstract

This paper presents a comparison of the national education curricula of Pakistan and Turkey, which will be viewed in the context of Islamic teachings, fundamental rights and international law. The main objective of the study is to examine how both countries, through their educational curricula, maintain religious identity, Islamic values ​​and meet the requirements of international law and human rights. Pakistan’s National Curriculum emphasizes values ​​and moral education, while Turkey’s curriculum presents a unique blend of liberal and secular traditions with the growing religious trends of the past few years. This article examines the religious teachings, fundamental rights and especially the rights of minorities in the curricula of both countries in the light of international treaties. The results show that both states are trying to harmonize their curricula with modern global requirements; however, creating harmony between religion and the international legal framework is a challenge for both countries.