مذہب اور تشدد: اسلام اور عیسائیت میں جنگ اور تشدد کے جائزے

Religion and Violence: A Comparison of the Justifications for War and Violence in Islam and Christianity

Abstract

Religion and violence is a complex and contentious subject that has been discussed across various religions throughout history. Islam and Christianity, representing two of the world’s major religions, each have unique perspectives on war, violence, and peace. While both religions emphasize the ethical justifications for war and the importance of non-violence, the teachings within Islam stand out for their focus on defending humanity, protecting non-combatants, and adhering to strict moral guidelines during warfare. In Islam, war is justified only in defense, and the concept of "Jihad" (جهاد) encompasses not only physical combat but also spiritual and moral struggles. The teachings of the Quran and Hadith provide clear ethical guidelines regarding the protection of non-combatants, the treatment of women and children, and the respect for the environment during war. Christianity, on the other hand, advocates for the "Just War Theory", which provides a framework for justifying war under certain moral conditions, though it acknowledges historical instances of religiously motivated violence, such as the Crusades. This research analyzes the justifications for war and violence in Islam and Christianity, examining the ethical principles each religion promotes in the context of war. The study also explores how these religious teachings shape the social and moral behavior of their followers and their implications in the contemporary global context. Through this comparative analysis, the research aims to understand how each religion balances the principles of justice, defense, and peace with the concept of war.