اکیسویں صدی کے اردو ناول استعاراتی تناظر میں

21ST CENTURY URDU NOVELS IN A METAPHORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

The Urdu novel is alive. In the rapidly emerging global village, the importance of every language and its literature is doubling. A language and literature that is alive in its development and creations also has a bright future. That is why the Urdu novel is also alive and thriving. At the end of the 21st century and especially in the last decade, it seemed that the Urdu novel was taking its last breath, but from the beginning of the 21st century, the Urdu novel started showing its strength. In an era where there is talk of the trend of electronic books, novels like Mirza Athar Baig's Ghulam “Khushion ka Bagh” and Shams-ur-Rehman Farooqui's “Kai Chand Thi Sir-e-Asaman” with their thick and modern style, form and technique have attracted the attention of the reader in Pakistan and India. The number of Pakistani and Indian novels written in Urdu during these 18 years of the 21st century is considerable, therefore, only eight novels have been selected in this article, out of which seven Pakistani and one Indian author have been studied. These include Mirza Athar Baig's Ghalambagh, “Sifar Se Ek Tak”, “Hasan's Soorat Qaal”, Muhammad Hameed Shahid's “Mitti Adam Khai Hay”, Hassan Manzar's “Dhani Bakhsh kay Betay”, Obaidullah Baig's “Rajput”, and Shams-ur-Rehman Farooqi's “Qabs-e-Zama”.