FROM CRISIS TO RESILIENCE: CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, AND SUSTAINABLE ADAPTATION IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

This research addresses the latest problems of global warming and how they affect the environmental status of one of the countries that are hit by climate disasters, Pakistan, in which there are repeated floods, droughts, and degradation of natural ecosystems. It discusses environmental policy and climate change, the institutional and legal setup for natural resource management, and their evaluation based on effectiveness to manage them. Its socioeconomic aspects of climate change are also taken into account, enforcing the need for immediate government intervention in the reduction of risk and enhancement of community resilience. Scarcity of water, unpredictable weather, and heat stress were behind rural poverty, decreased farm production, and undermined food security. Urbanization and industrialization increased pressures on natural resources, causing deforestation and Herculean air pollution. Shift towards renewable energy, afforestation drives, and bottom-up adaptation policy intervention are the calls of the times for conservation of the environment of Pakistan and securing long-term socioeconomic stability on evidence-based policy intervention.